Archaeological sites are not only historical landmarks but also crucial refuges for biodiversity. This project, led by the NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center, Spoke 3) research group of Applied Botany from Roma Tre University, carried out in the sites of Cuma (Naples), Sol Indiges (Torvaianica, Rome), and Porti di Claudio e Traiano (Rome), aims to document the flora and habitats of conservation interest in central and southern Italy, with a particular focus on the "Route of Aeneas." Additionally, in collaboration with experts from 17 Mediterranean countries, floristic data were collected, and a database was initiated to analyze the role of archaeological sites in the Mediterranean basin in preserving species threatened with extinction. Through a preliminary comparative analysis with national and international lists of protected species, the conservation value of these sites was highlighted. The project not only seeks to preserve biodiversity but also to raise awareness among the public and site managers about the interconnectedness of nature and culture, promoting sustainable strategies for safeguarding both natural and historical heritage.